podpis.sk · Electronic signature guides

Electronic signature guides

Practical explanations for Slovak eID, qualified electronic signatures, certificate activation and troubleshooting.

Electronic, digital and advanced electronic signatures

Electronic signature is a legal umbrella term; digital signature describes the cryptographic technology. The historical Slovak term ZEP should not be confused automatically with today’s eIDAS levels.

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What is a qualified electronic signature (QES)?

QES is the highest statutory electronic-signature level under eIDAS.

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How to activate electronic signing on a Slovak eID

You need an activated BOK, a valid qualified signing certificate and a KEP PIN.

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Electronic signing does not work: troubleshooting

Check the reader and card first, then the certificate and signing applications.

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The eID reader can log in, but signing fails

Reading a certificate does not prove that the reader and driver can complete a cryptographic signing operation.

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BOK, KEP PIN and KEP PUK: attempts and unblocking

These codes have different purposes and different failed-attempt limits.

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Technical supportReaders, drivers, PIN codes and electronic-signing errors. →